Ship Classification

The transport of goods by sea the wide variety of vessels. Cargo ship according to their different uses, can be divided into dry cargo ships and tankers two main categories:

(A) dry cargo ships

According to the load, and the ship's structure, equipment, different, can be divided into:

1. Cargo Ship

General cargo ships sailing in general is a designated period in the busy shipping routes, in order to shipment of groceries scattered mainly of ships. Speed of these ships sailing on board with sufficient lifting equipment, ships constructed in the multi-storey deck to the cabin divided into multi-storey container to accommodate the different loading cargo needs.

2. Dry bulk carrier

Bulk carrier is used to carry non-bulk cargo ship packed. According to the load, the variety of vessels can be divided into grain, coal, ore boats and ships. Most of these ships as a single deck, the cabin with no pillars, but with partitions to prevent storm run misplaced cargo cabin.

3. Reefer

Refrigerated ship was designed to carry perishable goods in refrigerated ships. Board equipped with refrigeration systems that can adjust the temperature to suit a variety of goods at different temperatures of space needs.

4, timber ship

Timber ship is designed specifically for carrying timber or logs of ships. This cabin mouth large, cabin-free beams, and other hamper loading and unloading equipment. The cabin and the deck can be loaded timber. To prevent the deck outboard of the timber have been washed out, in the ship's side on both sides of the general set up of not less than one meter of the side wall.

5. Container Ship

Container ship container ships can be divided into parts, full-container ships and container ships three kinds of transformation:

(1) of the container ship

Only the central parts of the ship as a special class of containers, other class is still loaded general cargo.

(2) Full container ships

Means the set of bags tank dedicated to the transport ship. It is different with the general cargo ship, its cargo hold there are grill-style shelf, with the vertical rails to facilitate the container along the rail down the corners there are grill constraints can be anti-dumping. Container ship cabin can be stacked three to nine-story container, the deck can be stacked three to four.

(3) can transform Container Ship

Its cargo load container structure within the removable type. Therefore, it can shipping container, if necessary, can also be shipped regular groceries. Container ship speed faster, most of the ship itself is not lifting equipment, need to rely on lifting equipment on the docks loading and unloading. This is also known as container ship cranes hanging disembark.

6. Ro-ro ship, also known as roll-on roll down boat

Ro-ro ship is mainly used to transport vehicles and containers. Handling equipment of these ships need not, in general the first side of the ship or boat, the tail open slopes connected terminals, loading and unloading cargo, or vehicles, or containers (mounted on trailer) directly moved into or out cabin. The advantage of such a vessel does not depend on the docks loading and unloading equipment, loading and unloading speed and can accelerate the ship turnaround.

7. Barge

Also known as Picture-boat. Refers to the large boat carrying barge, barge loading cargo vessels inside. The main advantage of the barge containing the port water depth is not bound by restrictions, do not need to occupy berths, loading and unloading the goods were carried out at the anchorage, loading and unloading efficiency. At present, more commonly used contain mainly barges, "Rashid" type and "the West than the" type two kinds.

(B) tanker

Tanker ship is mainly used for shipping liquid cargo ships. Tanker loaded according to the different types of goods, can be divided into the following categories:

1. Oil tanker (oil tanker): means the carriage of petroleum and petroleum products (diesel, gasoline and heavy oil, etc.) of ships. In order to fire and explosion, are not allowed on the deck with live dragging equipment, usually steam engine. Freeboard is very small, plump ship, the speed is not high, 13-17kn. It is characterized by the cabin are located in the stern, hull body clothing is separated into several oil storage tanks, there are pipelines linking the oil tank. Oil tank they use a vertical structure, and equipped with longitudinal bulkheads, without full cargo ships when they can maintain stationarity. To achieve greater economic benefits, since World War II tankers of deadweight constantly increasing and now the world's largest oil tanker deadweight has reached more than 60 million tons.

2. LNG (liquefied natural gas carrier abbreviation LNG carrier): liquefied natural gas is mainly methane, a very low temperature under atmospheric pressure (-165 ℃) frozen in order to make natural gas liquefaction, liquefied gas after the volume is only when the 1 / 600, and thus convenient for transportation. Tank insulation, there are strict structures, there are stadium-shaped and rectangular shapes.

3. Liquefied petroleum gas ship (liquefied petroleum gas carrier initials LPG carrier): liquefied petroleum gas vessel is divided into full-pressure liquefied petroleum gas vessel; full refrigerated liquefied petroleum gas pressure vessels and semi-semi-refrigerated liquefied petroleum gas vessel three kinds.

4. Liquid chemical tanker (liquid chemical tanker): the majority of liquid chemicals are toxic, flammable, corrosive, and variety. Therefore, the ship mostly double bottom, and little more than the cargo hold.