Portugal

Selling and buying

Reaching the consumers

Marketing opportunities

Consumer behavior: The purchasing behavior of the Portuguese consumer is mainly determined by:
- advertising (TV, radio because of car journeys)
- the value for money of after-sales service for cars and household appliances
- price (especially for food and hygiene purchases)
- social status symbols (clothes, fashion, cars)
- the environmental aspect is still secondary, but is becoming more important among young people (they are more receptive to the awareness campaigns in the press)
- the brand name, associated with this aspect of social status.
Consumer profile and purchasing power: Besides peaks such as Christmas, consumption has slowed down over the last 2 years due to a drop in available income. The increase in taxes, especially VAT (21%), and the high level of debt in Portuguese families (120% of income) limit consumption greatly.
The majority of Portuguese people are conservative, loyal to brands (especially for clothes, less for foodstuffs). They are impulsive consumers, but less so at the present time, as the level of household debt has reached alarming heights which is now slowing down consumption. Consumer credit harasses the Portuguese with invasive advertising. By tradition and also through a lack of a real estate rental market, the Portuguese invest in bricks and mortar and for that they seek a bank loan, and for a car too. A large proportion of household monthly income usually goes out for these services.
As for preference for domestic or foreign goods, things are changing. Apart from wine and cheese (for which the Portuguese have difficulty choosing imported products), preference is almost always for imported goods. An awareness campaign has recently been launched to encourage people to buy domestic goods.
Consumers associations: The Portuguese association for the defense of the consumer (DECO)
Main advertising agencies: Publicis Group
MPG / Havas

Distributing a product

Evolution of the sector: Modern forms of distribution appeared very late in Portugal compared with other European countries. The modern distribution market appeared in 1961 with the opening of the first supermarket in Lisbon. Until 1985, there were practically no hypermarkets or supermarkets and distribution was represented by a host of small retailers and traditional shops. It is only since 1981 that the market has grown, eliminating on the way the small local stores.
Market shares: In 2004, hypermarkets represented 37% of distribution turnover, supermarkets 28%, local supermarkets 18.3% and local food shops barely 1.4%.
4 large groups share the market:
- the Modelo-Continente group which belongs to the Portuguese Sonae and which is specialized in hypermarkets; it has become the leader of food distribution in Portugal.
- the Jeronimo Martins group: with a turnover of 3.4 billion euros in 2004, it is the second largest distributor in Portugal with the names Pingo Doce and Feira Nova.
- the French group Auchan, present in Portugal from 1970 on, had a turnover of 1.04 billion euros in 2003.
- the French group Carrefour, with a turnover of 470 million euros in 2004 and which has 1 hypermarket and 270 supermarkets.
The other major trend over the last few years has been the development of specialized hypermarkets: FNAC, Bricodis, Habitat, Ikea have opened.
These developments show that for the years to come there will be a constant decrease in traditional commerce and a growth in the modern forms of distribution especially hypermarkets and supermarkets which will extend their products and services more and more in the non-food sector.
Organizations in the retail sector: Portuguese Association of Distribution Companies (APED)

Market access procedures

International Conventions

Member of World Trade Organisation
Member of OECD
Party to the Kyoto protocol
Party to the Washington convention on International trade in endangered species of wild fauna and flora
Party to the Basel convention on the Control of Transboudary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their disposal
Party to the Montreal protocol on Substances that deplete the Ozone Layer
Wassenaar arrangement on export controls for conventional arms and dual-use goods and technologies
Party of the International coffee agreement 2001

Non tariff barriers

As it is a member of the European Union, Portugal applies the Community regulations which are valid throughout the Union.
The main non Customs barrier is at the level of agricultural products, ensuing from the application of the CAP (Common Agricultural Policy).

Customs duties and taxes on imports

Transactions carried out within the EEA are exempt from duties.
The Common Customs Tariff (CCT) of the European Union is applied to goods from outside the EU. In general, duties are not very high, especially for industrial products (4.2% on average).

Customs classification

Yes

Import procedures

For goods of a value under 1 000kg or 1 000 euros, a verbal declaration at Customs, and presenting the invoice, is sufficient.
For higher values, you must deposit at the Customs office:
1) a brief declaration (air or maritime manifest) to conclude the collection of the goods.
2) a common law declaration (SAD, single administrative document), as well as the accompanying documents to allow their clearance.
The SAD form can be obtained from Chambers of Commerce or an approved printer. A computerized Customs clearance platform (SOFI: International freight computer system) can be accessed in Customs offices or in some Chambers of Commerce.

In the case of deliveries and purchases within the European Community, the declaration of exchange of goods (DEB) or Intrastat declaration must be sent to the Customs service.

The case of samples

For the import, export and re-export of commercial samples the ATA (Temporary Admission) carnet can be used. It must be written on the product that it is a free sample and that it may not be sold.

For further information

Organizing goods transport

Main useful means: Portugal wants to encourage private investors to come to the country and wants to modernize port infrastructures.
Portuguese ports handled 59 million tonnes of goods in 2004, that is 5% more than in 2003. In particular, Portuguese ports handled 907 000 TEU of containerized freight.
The road network is poor and considerable improvement is necessary.
Rail transport is predominant for goods transport (2 585 million tonnes-km in 2002). Substantial investment is being considered to improve the electrification and rehabilitation of the main long distance routes : Lisbon-Porto, Lisbon-the Algarve and towards Spain to the North and East.
Ports: Port of Lisbon
Port of Leixões
Airports: Airports of Portugal
Sea transport organizations: Ministry of Public Works, Transport and Communications
Air transport organizations: Ministry of Public Works, Transport and Communications
Road transport organizations: Ministry of Public Works, Transport and Communications
Rail transport organizations: National Institute of Rail Transport