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Published: 04 Nov 2008 05:06:22 PST

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France

Business Environment

Business practices

For further information
Doing business In France
For further information
French culture, customs and etiquette
For further information
Guide to France
Closed hours and days
Saturday and Sunday closed, or only Sunday in shops.
Closed for the lunch break, which may be longer or shorter, between 12 noon and 2pm.

Public holidays

New Year's Day 1 January
Easter Sunday and Monday in March or April
Ascension the sixth Thursday after Easter
Labor Day 1 May
Victory Day (end of the Second World War) 8 May
National Day 14 July
Assumption 15 August
All Saints 1 November
Armistice 11 November
Christmas Day 25 December
Compensation day
If a public holiday falls on a Saturday or Sunday, it is not compensated for.
 

Periods when companies usually close

Christmas holidays Between Christmas Day and New Year's Day
Summer holidays July or August according to the company

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Standards

National standards organizations
AFNOR, the French standardization association
UTE (Electricity technical union)
French commission for ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute)
Integration in the international standards network
At the European level:
- CEN, European Committee for Standardization
- CENELEC, European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization

At the international level:
- International Standards organization (ISO)
- International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
Classification of standards
NF is the national certification mark.
CE is the European certification mark. It is compulsory for a country to be able to sell on the market.
Online consultation of standards
The AFNOR on-line shop
The on-line catalog of European standards
The ISO catalog
The most important standardization programs
Certification organizations
See the list of independent organizations which issue the NF mark with AFNOR accreditation.

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Legal framework

Independence of justice
Yes
Equal treatment of nationals and foreigners
Yes
The language of justice
French
Having recourse to an interpreter
Possible
Sources of the law and legal similarities
French law has various sources: the Constitution, laws voted by Parliament, ministerial decrees and orders, international conventions and treaties ratified by France.
Because France belongs to the European Union, national law conforms to the requirements of Community legislation.
There are legal similarities with all the countries whose law has come from Roman law.
Consulting national laws online
The constitution in English

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Intellectual Property

National organizations
The national institute of industrial property (INPI) for patents, trademarks, models and industrial designs.

The Society of Authors, Composers and Publishers of Music (SACEM), The National Union of Authors and Composers of music (SNAC), The Society of Stage Authors and Composers (SACD), The Society of Men of Letters (SGDL), The Civil Society of Multimedia Authors (SCAM), etc., for royalties.
Regional organizations
For the protection of patents: the European patent office
To control trademarks, designs and models: the Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market
International membership
Member of the WIPO
Signatory to the Paris Convention

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National regulation and international agreements

Type of property Law Validity International agreements signed
Patent
Code of intellectual property
20 years
Patent Cooperation Treaty
Strasbourg agreement concerning the International Patent Classification
Trademark Code of intellectual property 10 years renewable indefinitely Trademark law treaty
Nice agreement concerning the International classification of goods and Services for the Purposes of the registration of Marks
Protocol relating to the Madrid Agreement concerning the International Registration of Marks
Design Code of intellectual property 25 years renewable once  
Copyright
Code of intellectual property
70 years after the death of its author for inheritance tax
50 years after the first publication for registration fees
Berne convention for the protection of Literary and Artistic Works
Convention for the Protection of Producers of Phonograms against unauthorized duplication of their phonograms
Rome convention for the protection of performers, producers of phonograms and Broadcasting organizations
WIPO copyright treaty
WIPO performances and Phonograms treaty
Industrial Models Edict n°2001-670 of 25 July 2001 incorporating into Community law the code of intellectual property and the code of the post and telecommunications 25 years renewable once  

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Tax rates

Consumption taxes

Nature of the tax
Value Added Tax (VAT)
Tax rate
19.60%
Reduced tax rate
Reduced rate of 5.5% for food, agricultural products, water, books and magazines, hotel rooms and medicines.
Reduced rate of 2.1% for certain products reimbursed by the Social Security.
To find out the rates valid in regions outside metropolitan France, click here.
Other consumption taxes
Domestic consumption tax on petroleum products (TIPP)
Domestic consumption tax on natural gas (TICGN)
Domestic consumption tax on coal and lignite
Domestic tax on tobacco (snuff and for smoking), cigars and cigarettes.
Domestic consumption tax on beer

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Corporate taxes

Tax rate
Tax rate for foreign companies
Foreign companies are taxed on the profits they make in France.
Capital gains taxation
Since 1 January 2007, the long term capital gains made by companies subject to corporate tax (IS) are no longer taxed.
Main allowable deductions and tax credit
Expenses are deductible for depreciation or amortization, reserves, rents for premises and equipment, wages, etc.
Tax credit exists for apprenticeships especially.
Other corporate taxes
Professional Tax.
Flat rate annual tax (IFA)

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Individual taxes

Tax rate
Allowable deductions and tax credit
Child care, consumer credit, tax credit for young people under 26 who take a job in certain industrial sectors or geographical areas in difficulty, etc.
Special expatriate tax regime
Yes. It concerns especially health insurance and complementary retirement pension contributions and the possible exemptions. For further information click here.

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Double taxation treaties

Countries with whom a double taxation treaty have been signed
France has signed fiscal conventions with 112 countries in the world.
Whithholding taxes
Bilateral agreement

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Sources of fiscal information

Tax Authorities
The fiscal administration
Other domestic resources
The fiduciary review
Information on French taxes

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Accounting rules

Tax year
From 1 January to 31 December.
Accounting standards
Official accounting plan (PCG)
Accounting regulation bodies
Parliament
The accounting regulations committee (CRC) and the national accounting council (CNC)
Accounting reports
Annual accounts: the balance sheet, the profit and loss account and the notes to the accounts.
The annual report
The statement of source and application of funds (compulsory for large companies)
Publication
There are three levels of reporting: The basic System (Normal), an abridged System (for small companies), a developed System. They depend on the legal form and size of the companies (defined in relation to the total of the balance sheet, the turnover and the number of employees).
The reporting is annual, except for listed companies for whom reporting is quarterly.
Professional accountancy bodies
The Higher Council of the Order of Chartered Accountants (OEC)
The National Company of Auditors (CNCC)
The International Federation of accountants (IFAC)
Certification and auditing
KPMG
Ernest & Young
PricewaterhouseCoopers
Accounting news
France accounting news

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Source: FITA

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